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Statistics

Measures of central tendency, spread, regression, correlation and interpreting statistical data.

CAPS Aligned Grade 12 Focused Paper 2 Exam Revision

Video Lesson

Watch the full lesson before attempting practice questions.

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Key Concepts

Master these ideas before attempting exam questions.

Measures of Central Tendency

Mean, median, and mode. Understand how outliers affect each measure differently.

Measures of Spread

Range, IQR, variance and standard deviation. Larger spread = more variability in data.

Box-and-Whisker Plots

Shows Q1, Q2 (median), Q3, min and max. Identifies outliers and spread visually.

Scatter Plots & Regression

Plot bivariate data. Use the least-squares regression line: ŷ = a + bx.

Correlation Coefficient (r)

r measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship. −1 ≤ r ≤ 1.

Core Formulas

Commit these to memory — they appear in almost every exam.

Standard Deviation
\[ \sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum(x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n}} \]
Measures how spread out data is from the mean.
Regression Line
\[ \hat{y} = a + bx \]
a = y-intercept, b = gradient. Use your calculator for these values.
Correlation Coefficient
\[ -1 \leq r \leq 1 \]
r = 1: perfect positive; r = 0: no linear relationship; r = −1: perfect negative.

After This Topic You Will Be Able To

These are your learning targets for Statistics.

Calculate measures of central tendency and spread
Draw and interpret box-and-whisker plots
Plot scatter diagrams and draw regression lines
Interpret the correlation coefficient r
Make predictions using statistical models

Common Exam Mistakes

Avoid these errors — they cost marks every year.

Confusing the regression line direction

The regression line of y on x minimises vertical distances, not horizontal.

Misreading box-and-whisker plots

The box shows the IQR (Q1 to Q3). The median is the line inside the box.

Interpolation vs. extrapolation

Predictions within the data range are reliable; outside the range may be unreliable.

Topic Support Resources

Request CAPS-aligned study materials for Statistics.

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Study Notes
Statistics Summary Notes

Comprehensive CAPS-aligned notes covering all key concepts, theorems, and worked examples for Statistics.

PDF • CAPS Aligned • Grade 12
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Exam Questions
Statistics Exam Questions + Memo

NSC-style exam questions with full memorandum. Ideal for timed practice and self-assessment before exams.

Includes Memo • CAPS Aligned
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Practice Set
Statistics Structured Practice Set

Graded practice questions organised by difficulty. Perfect for building confidence before Paper 2.

Graded Difficulty • Grade 12
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Frequently Asked Questions

Straight answers to common Grade 12 CAPS questions about Statistics.

What is Statistics in Grade 12 Maths?

Statistics in Grade 12 CAPS covers data handling, measures of central tendency, spread, box-and-whisker plots, histograms, ogives, and interpreting information from graphs and tables.

How do I improve at statistics questions?

Practise reading graphs carefully, learn the definitions of each statistical measure, and show your calculations clearly. Accuracy matters because one small reading mistake can affect the whole answer.

What mistakes should I avoid in Statistics?

Common mistakes include reading the wrong class interval, confusing mean, median, and mode, and interpreting graphs too quickly. Learners also lose marks when they do not state conclusions clearly.

How does Statistics appear in CAPS exams?

CAPS exams often test graph interpretation, summary statistics, and reasoning from real-world data. These questions usually appear in Paper 2 and reward careful reading and clear explanations.

Need Help with Statistics?

Book a focused session with Chris Khomo and work through this topic step by step — at your own pace, online, from anywhere in South Africa.

Chris Khomo